Courses of Studies 2011
Class : 11th & 12th
26. Philosophy (Code No. 040)
OBJECTIVES
Philosophy, a theoretical enterprise with practical applications, aims at understanding the nature and meaning of life and Reality. It is both a view of reality and a way of life. It is considered to be the mother of all branches of knowledge. The nature of Philosophy is that in it no answer is left
unquestioned. It attempts to understand and explain the fundamental axioms and presuppositions which are taken for granted by all branches of knowledge. The +2 syllabus is designed to give the students a glimpse of the nature of problems and the way they are dealt with in its various branches-
Logic, Ethics, Classical Indian Philosophy and Western Philosophy.
CLASS XI (THEORY)
One Theory Paper Time: 3 Hours 100 Marks
Scientific Method
1. Methods of Natural and Social Sciences 10
2. Observation and Experiment 10
3. Science and Hypothesis 10
4. Mill’s Methods of Experimental Inquiry 10
5. Nyaya Theory of Knowledge (General Survey) 10
Logic
6. The nature and subject matter of logic 06
7. Terms and Propositions 15
Relation between Propositions
8. Categorical Syllogism 10
9. Elements of Symbolic Logic 06
10. Buddhist Formal Logic 13
Unit 1 : Methods of Natural and Social Sciences 20 Pds.
Value of Science. Nature and aim of Scientific Methods: Difference between Scientific induction, and Induction by simple enumeration. Difference between methods of Natural Sciences and Social Sciences.
Unit 2 : Observation and Experiment 20 Pds.
Their Differences; fallacies of observation.
Unit 3 : Science and Hypothesis 25 Pds.
The place of hypothesis in scientific method. Formulation of relevant hypothesis. Formal conditions of valid hypothesis. Hypothesis and crucial experiments.
Unit 4 : Mill’s methods of Experimental Inquiry 25 Pds.
The method of agreement;
The method of difference;
The joint method of agreement and difference;
The method of concomitant variation;
The method of residue
Unit 5 : Nyaya Theory of Knowledge 30 Pds.
General Survey – Prama, Pramana, Pramanya, Pratyaksa, Anumana, Upamana, Sabda
LOGIC
Unit 6: The nature and scope of logic 14 Pds.
What is Logic? Use and application of Logic. Difference between Truth and Validity
Unit 7 : Terms and Propositions 30 Pds
Definition of Term; Denotation and Connotation of Terms. Definition of Proposition and traditional classification of Propositions. Distribution of Terms.
Relation between Propositions 12 Pds.
Traditional Square of Propositions
Unit 8: Categorical Syllogism 24 Pds.
Its definition: Rules of valid syllogism and Fallacies.
Unit 9 : Elements of Symbolic Logic 14 Pds.
Value of using symbols in Logic
Basic Truth-tables.
Unit 10 : Buddhist Formal Logic : Theory of Anuman 26 Pds.
Suggested reference:
1. Bhola Nath Roy Text-book of Inductive Logic
2. -do- Text-book of Deductive Logic
3. I.M. Copi Introduction to Logic.
4. S.C. Chatterjee Nyaya Theory of Knowledge.
5. S.R. Bhatt and Anu Melhotra Buddhist Epistemology
6. Chatterjee and Dutta Indian Philosophy
CLASS XII (THEORY)
One Theory Paper Time: 3 Hours 100 Marks
A. INDIAN PHILOSOPHY 50
1. Nature and Schools of Indian Philosophy 10
2. Philosophy of the Bhagavad Gita 10
3. Buddhism, Jainism 10
4. Nyaya-Vaisesika and Samkhya- Yoga 10
5. Advaita Vedanta 10
B. WESTERN PHILOSOPHY 50
6. Knowledge and truth 10
7. The causal Principle. 10
8. Nature of Reality 10
9. Realism and Idealism 10
C. Applied Philosophy
10. Environmental Ethics, Professional Ethics and Philosophy of Education 10
A. INDIAN PHILOSOPHY -
Unit 1: Nature and Schools of Indian Philosophy: Some basic issues Rta, Karma, Four Purusarthas : Dharma, Artha, Kama and Moksa 24 Pds,
Unit2: Philosophy of the Bhagavad Gita: Karma Yoga (Anasakta Karma), Svadharama, Lokasamgraha 24 Pds.
Unit 3 : Buddhism, Jainism 24 Pds.
Four noble truths and eight-fold path; Theory of dependent origination. Anekantavada and syadvada.
Unit 4 : Nyaya - Vaisesika and Samkhya – Yoga 24 Pds
(1) Nyaya theory of Pramanas, (2) Vaisesika Theory of Padarthas ‘, (3) Samkhya Theory of Three Gunas, (4) Yoga- The Eight-fold Practice.
Unit 5: Advaita Vedanta 24 Pds.
The nature of Atman, Brahman and the world.
B. WESTERN PHILOSOPHY
Unit 6 : Knowledge and truth
Rationalism, Empiricism and Kant’s Critical Philosophy
Unit 7 : The Causal Principle 24 Pds.
Nature of Cause
Aristotle’s theory of four-fold causation cause-effect relationship: entailment, regularity and succession. Theories of causation.
Unit 8: Nature of Reality
Proofs for the existence of God 24 Pds.
Ontological, Teleological and Cosmological arguments.
Unit 9 : Realism and Idealism 24 Pds.
Mind-Body Problem
C. Applied Philosophy
Unit 10: Environmental Ethics and Professional Ethics 24 Pds.
(a) Study of Physical, Mental and Spiritual Environments
(b) Medical and Business Ethics.
(c) Philosophy of Education
Suggested References:
1. John Patrick : Introduction to Philosophy
2. John Hospers : Introduction to Philosophical Analysis
3. D.M. Datta and S.C. Chatterjee : Introduction to Indian Philosophy
4. M. Hiriyanna : Essentials of Indian Philosophy
5. A.C. Ewing : Fundamental Questions of Philosophy
6. H. Titus : Living issues in Philosophy
7. C.D. Sharma : A Critical Survey of Indian Philosophy
8. William Lillie : An Introduction to Ethics
9. S.R. Bhatta and Anu Mehrotra : Buddhists Epistemology, (Greenwood Publishing House, Connecticus, USA)
10. Shri Aurobindo : On Education, Pondicherry
11. S.R. Bhatt : Knowledge, Values and Education, Gyana Publishing House, New Delhi.
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