ENTREPRENEURSHIP (Code No. 066)
RATIONALE
Development of school curriculum is a dynamic process responsive to the society and reflecting the needs and aspiration of its learners. Fast changing society deserves changes in educational curriculum particularly to establish relevance to emerging socio-economic environment; to ensure equity of opportunity and participation and finally promoting concern for excellence. In this context the course on enterpreneurship aims at instilling and stimulating human urge for excellence by realizing individual potential for generating and putting to use the inputs, relevant to social prosperity and thereby ensure decent means of living for every individual.
OBJECTIVES
• Acquiring Entrepreneurial Spirit and be Enterprising in all walks of life.
• Familiarization with various uses of human resource for earning decent means of living.
• Understanding the concept and process of entrepreneurship - its contribution and role in the growth and development of individual and the nation.
• Acquiring entrepreneurial quality, competency and motivation
• Learning the process and skills of creation and management of entrepreneurial venture.
CLASS XI (THEORY)
Total Marks: 70
Unit I: Entrepreneurship and Human Activities 30 Marks
A. Entrepreneurship
• Concept, Functions and need
• Entrepreneurship : Characteristics and Competency
• Relevance of Entrepreneurship to Socio-Economic Gain: generating National Wealth, creating Wage and Self -Employment, Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises, Optimizing Human and Natural Resource and Solving Problems in the path of prosperity, building enterprising Personality and Society.
• Process of Entrepreneurship Development.
B. Entrepreneurial Pursuits and Human Activities:
• Nature, Purpose and pattern of Human Activities: Economic and Non-Economic, Need for innovation.
• Rationale and Relationship of Entrepreneurial pursuits and Human Activities.
Unit II: Acquiring Entrepreneurial Values and Motivation 30 Marks
• Entrepreneurial Values, Attitude and Motivation-Meaning and concept.
• Developing Entrepreneurial Motivation and Competency - concept and process of Achievement Motivation, Self-efficacy, Creativity, Risk Taking, Leadership, Communication and Influencing Ability and Planning Action.
• Barriers to Entrepreneurship
• Help and support to Entreprenures
Unit III: Introduction to Market Dynamics 10 Marks
• Understanding a Market
• Competitive Analysis of the Market
• Patents, Trademarks and Copyright
PRACTICAL 30 Marks
I. Study visit by students to any enterprise of own choice. With the help of a schedule/questionnaire the students will record observation regarding - the background of entrepreneur, reasons for selecting the entrepreneurial career, starting the enterprise, the type of enterprise, the process of setting this enterprise, products/services, production process, investment made and marketing practices followed, profit or loss, growth and development, problems faced, institutions/
organisations which offer support and entrepreneur’s level and type of satisfaction.
II. Preparation of a brief report based on the observations made during study-visit to an enterprise.
CLASS XII (THEORY)
Total Marks: 70
Unit I: Entrepreneurial Opportunities and Enterprise Creation 20 Marks
* Sensing Entrepreneurial Opportunities
* Environment Scanning
* Market Assessment
* Identification of Entrepreneurial Opportunities
* Selection of an Enterprise
* Steps in setting up of an Enterprise
Unit II: Enterprise Planning and Resourcing 20 Marks
* Business Planning - Preparation of a Project Report
* Resource Assessment -Financial and Non – Financial
* Fixed and Working Capital Requirement, Funds, Flows, Profit Ratios, Break Even Analysis etc.
* Mobilising Resources - Sources and Means of Fund, Facilities and Technologies for starting an Enterprise.
Unit III: Enterprise Management 30 Marks
(a) General management: Basic Management functions.
(b) Organising/Production of goods and services - quality, quantity and flow of inputs.
(c) Managing Market:
Meaning, Functions of Marketing, Marketing Mix:
* Product
* Price
* Place
* Promotion (advertising and sales promotion)
(d) Managing Finance - Sources of Long Term and Short Term Finances
* Determination of Cost, Income, Calculation of Profit/Loss.
(e) Managing Growth and Sustenance -Affecting Change, Modernisation, Expansion, Diversification and Substitution.
(f) Entrepreneurial Discipline - Laws of Land, Ecology, Consumer’s Concept, Adherance to Contract and Credits.
PRACTICAL
Introduction:
The Main objective of the course in Entrepreneurship is to generate in the students initiative, selfreliance and enthusiasm so as to empower them to become entrepreneurs both in spirit and performance. A number of skills such as observation, evaluation, communication, resource mobilization and management, risk assessment ,team building etc. are also to be developed in the students. Leadership qualities, sensitivity to business ethics and adherance to a positive value system are the core issues that the course highlights while presenting different concepts related to entrepreneurship.
Such a course should necessarily have a strong experiential component in the form of practical work. The objectives of the practical work are:
1 To introduce the students to the world of business by developing in them the core skills and competencies required for an entrepreneur.
2. To develop in the students qualities such as leadership, self-confidence, initiative, facing uncertainties, commitment, creativity, people and team building, integrity and reliability.
3. To enable the students to acquire the skills and knowledge needed for conducting surveys, collecting, recording and interpreting data and preparing simple estimates of demand for products and services.
4. To guide the students to prepare a Project Report.
5. To equip the students with knowledge and skills needed to plan and manage an enterprise through case studies conducted and recorded by the students in different fields such as resource assessment, market dynamics, finance management, cost determination, calculation of profit and loss etc.
6. To instill in the students important values and entrepreneurial discipline.
FORMAT
Total marks: 30
1. Project Report/Survey Report 10 Marks
2. Viva-Voce on PW /SR 05 Marks
3. Case Study 10 Marks
4. Problem Solving 05 Marks
1. Project Report/Market Survey Report 10 Marks
a) Project Report:
Preparation of a Project Report for an enterprise involving products/services Students may be provided adequate guidance to choose a project based on their interests and availability of information and authentic inputs in the locality. The specimen proforma of project report given in the textbook may be used for preparing the report. However, mechanical preparation of the report by filling in the information in the proforma should be discouraged.
Further, as the students will be required to appear for a Viva-voce on the basis of their projects, sufficient care should be taken by the students to prepare the report after studying the various aspects involved thoroughly. In a nutshell, the project report should lead to viable enterprise.
b) Market Survey Report
Market research is the process and technique of finding out who your potential customers are and what they want. The survey may be on products and services already available in the market or students may also conduct surveys for new products and services. The report of the survey should be organised under the following broad headings:
1. Objectives.
2. Methods and tools (interviews ,questionnaires etc.) to be used to collect information.
3. Records of data and information.
4. Analysis of data and information.
5. Interpretation and conclusion.
For example, a survey may be conducted to find out the choice of households in toiletry soap, tooth paste etc. The data may be analysed to establish a pattern that may be useful to an entrepreneur.
Guidelines for assessment of Project Report / Survey Report
1. Presentation: Format, Clarity, Use of graphs, tables and other visuals, organisation, methodical recording of data and information and general neatness of execution. 5 marks
2. Originality and Creativity 3 marks
3. Authenticity of information and correctness of calculations and general feasibility of the project/ sustainability of conclusion drawn in the survey. 2 marks
2. Viva Voce on the Project /Market Survey Report 5 Marks
The questions should establish that the report is the original work of the student and that the student has a reasonably clear understanding of the work carried out by him/her.
Entrepreneurial qualities such as leadership, self-belief, creativity, originality, initiative etc. may also be assessed by asking a variety of questions related to the report.
3. Case Study 10 marks
A case study is a focused research on an organisation, enterprise, practice, behaviour or person undertaken to highlight an aspect that the study attempts to examine. For instance, a case study may be conducted on the pollution control methods being employed by an industry. Or a successful industrialist may be chosen as a subject of a case study to analyze and understand the strategies that the industrialist adopted :to achieve success.
Ideally, a case study should be conducted on subjects with the objectives of bringing to the fore beliefs, practices, strategies, values etc. that have made them what they are. Such studies help us to understand the way in which great minds think and operate. We may also conduct case studies on failures; why a company collapsed, how a service lost its market etc. From both the types of case study, we learn lessons; how to do something or how not to do something. They
also provide valuable insight into the processes involved in an enterprise.
A few topics are suggested for carrying out case studies:
i) Drawing a profile of a successful entrepreneur.
ii) Studying a public sector undertaking and highlighting its sucess/failure, by analyzing the factors responsible.
iii) Studying a small scale unit in the locality to bring out the procedures and processes adopted by the unit to become a feasible business venture.
iv) A study of competition in business by choosing two or more rivals in the market and analyzing their strengths and weaknesses.
v) Take the school itself for a case study and analyze any two aspects of the school plant for chalking out a plan of action: infrastructure, academics, co-curricular activities etc.
vi) A case study on a thriving fast food shop/restaurant in your locality. What makes it so popular?
vii) A case study on the ways in which a business unit has mobilised its financial resources.
viii) A case study on the enterprise management techniques adopted by a business house.
ix) A case study on the marketing strategies of a sucessful consumer durable company.
x) A case study on the financial management of a Public Limited Company.
xi) A case study on any Specialized Institution that supports and guides the establishment of a small scale unit.
xii)Studying the balance sheets of two big private companies to assess their trade and credit worthiness.
xiii) Studying the inventory management of a large manufacturing industry to ascertain the processes involved for optimizing cost.
xiv) Carrying out a case study on an established industrial house/company to find out the value system of the company and how it fulfils its social commitment/obligations.
xv) Carrying out a case study on an established industry to ascertain the processes followed to reduce/prevent pollution.
xvi) Study on enviourment friendly companies and their contribution to preservation.
Assessment of Case Studies
i) Presentation: Format, accuracy, clarity, authenticity and general neatness 7 marks
ii) Analysis and Conclusions 3 marks
4. Problem Solving 5 marks
In this session, the students will be requried to solve a problem in the form of a written test. The examiner may choose any problem related to the units in class XII Text Book and set it for the class. The problem may be in the following areas:
a. How to scan the environment to establish the feasibility of a project.
b. Given certain figures showing the consumption pattern of a product, drawing conclusions that have a bearing on similar products.
c. Carrying out market assessment for a given product/service to ascertain the feasibility factor.
d. Assessment of Working Capital.
e. Calculation of total cost of production.
f. Calculation of break-even point.
g. Determining location of a manufacturing unit.
h. Problems in inventory control (calculation of the Economic Order Quantity and carrying out ABC analysis).
i. Applying Pricing methods to determine the price of a product or service.
j. Applying promotion mix to plan a sales campaign for a product or service.
k. Working out a simple budget for a given task or job.
Assessment of Answers
The examiner may prepare five problems which are solved by him/her before they are presented to the students. The student may choose anyone of the problems and solve it, showing the different steps/different reasons involved in the solution. If the problem does not involve actual calculations, it may not have anyone correct answer. So weightage should be given not only to the final answer but to the entire process of problem solving that the student has followed.
Originality and innovative spirit should be rewarded. The students should not be penalized for spelling errors, grammatical mistakes etc. as long as the answer is coherent. Where definite formulas are involved, accuracy should be given due weightage.
LIST OF SUGGESTED REFERENCE BOOKS
01. Entrepreneurship - Class XI - C. B. S. E., Delhi.
02. Entrepreneurship - Class XII- C. B. S. E., Delhi.
03. Udyamita (in Hindi) by Dr. M M.P. Akhouri and S.P Mishra, pub. by National Institute for Entrepreneurship and Small Business Development (NIESBUD), NSIC-PATC Campus, Okhla.
04. Trainer’s Manual on Developing Entrepreneurial Motivation, By M.M.P. Aukhori, S.P. Mishra and R. Sengupta, Pub. by (NIESBUD), NSIC-PATC Campus, Okhla.
05. Behavioral Exercises and games - manual for trainers, learning systems, by M. V. Despande, P. Mehta and M. Nandami.
06. Product Selection by Prof. H.N. Pathak, Pub. By (NIESBUD), NSIC-PATC Campus, Okhla.
07. Entrepreneurial Development - Dr. S. Moharana and Dr. C.R.Dash, Pub. by RBSA Publishers, Jaipur.
08. Entreprenurial Development by S.S.Khanna, Published by S.Chand & Company Ltd., Ram Nagar, New Delhi.
09. Entrepreneurial Development by C.B. Gupta and N.P.Srinivasan, Publisher Sultan Chand & Sons, 1992.
10. Entrepreneurship Development - Principles, Policies and Programmes by P. Saravanavel, Publishers Ess Pee Kay Publishing House, Madras.
11. Entrepreneurship, Growth and Development, by Rashi Ali, Pub. by Chugh Publication and Strech Road, Civil Lines, Post Box No. 101, Allahabad-211991.
12. Entrepreneur and Entrepreneurship Development and Planning in India, by D.N.Mishra, pub. by Chugh Publication, Allahabad.
13. Aoudhogik Disha Nirdesh (in Hindi) Pub. by Centre for Entrepreneurship Development, M.P. (CEDMAP), 60, Jail Road, Jhangerbad, Bhopal-462008.
14. Entrepreneur, Industry and Self-employment Project, Part-l and 2(in Hindi), Pub. by Centre for Entrepreneurship Development, M.P. (CEDMAP), 60 Jail Road, Jhangerbad, Bhopal- 462008.
15. Small Scale Industry & Self-Employment Projects, Part-l and 2 (in Hindi), Pub. by Centre for Entrepreneurship Development, M.P. (CEDMAP),60 Jail Road, Jhangerbad Bhopal.
Magazines
01. Udyamita Samachar Patra,(Monthly, Hind), Pub. by Centre for Entrepreneurship Development, M.P.(CEDMAP), 60 Jail Road, Jhangerbad, Bhopal-462008.
02. Science Tec. Entrepreneur (A Bi Monthly Publication), centre for Enterprenurship Development, M.P. (CEDMAP), 60 Jail Road, Jhangerbad , Bhopal -462008.
03. Laghu Udhyog Samachar.
04. Project Profile by DCSSI.
05. Project Profile by Pub. Centre for Enterpreeurship Development, M.P. (CEDMAP), 60 Jail . Road, Jhangerbad, Bhopal-462008.