BIOLOGY

Aiam and Objectives :-
1. To prepare and make the students able for subject wise competitive sprit at state national and International level.
2. To impart the knowledge about theories Invention, tradition and philosophy of Indian based eulture with scientific point of view.
3. Indian concept of Biology and environment is most ancient, this has been included in the syllabus. So, that students will become aware of it.
4. To impart the knowledge about origin of life.
5. To develop awareness about living beings with subject related knowledge and general principles.
6. To develop human feelings for other living beings, then interest will creat among them about nature.
7. To gain the knowledge of nutrition, health and hygene, population, environment and pollution related information.
8. To gain the knowledge of structural organisation of living beings including position in animal kingdom.
9. Scientific attitude and skill will be developed.
10. Maintainance and conservation of environment will be learned by them.
11. Students will know about the Historical background of Biology and scientist with special reference to our country.
12. They will follow the meaning of life with clear concept of life processes.
13. Knowledge of Biology will keep them away from misbelief, myths and misconceptions. They will learn about the reality and scientific facts.
14. To inculeate moral values in behaviour, keeping in mind about the modern adverse situations.
15. Lead life with simplicity and high level of thinking.
16. Development of skill acquireness, expression, change in attitude, creativeness and to develop capacity to analyse facts.

Subject -Biology
Class -XI
Time : 3 Hours                                                                                  Max. Marks : 100
Syllabus : [Theory : 75+Practical 25]

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Unit          Order of Content                             Marks                   Periods

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1- The living world and environment.                    10                          30
2- Diversity of Life                                               15                          30
3- Cell and Cell division                                        15                          30
4- Genetics                                                          15                          30
5- Multicellularity Plant and Animal Life                   20                         40
Revision                                                               ---                         20
                                                        Total:          75                       180
Practical                                                               25
                                              Grand Total:         100

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Unit 1: The living world and environment                           Maks: 10
1.1 Biology and its branches; Relationship with other branches of seience, scientific method in biology. Historical aspect of Biology. Basic Indian concept scope of Biology, its importance and future.
Role of Biology in desbelling myths and social misbelief. Characters of living beings (Metabolism, Transfer of energy at molecular level, Open and close system. Homeostasis, Growth, Reproduction, Adaptation, Survival and prelimenary knowledge of death.)

1.2 Relationship of Biology with environment : Indian concept of environment, Wild life and forest conservation. Effect of environment on organisms- Pollution, sources of pollution and its effect on environment (Air, Water, Soil), Role of Human in keeping the Environment clean. (Environment management, Conservation of nature).

1.3 Origin of life and its evolution- Various theories of Origin of life. Indian theories. Oparin Haldane theory, Miller's experiment, elementory knowledge of nature, Theories of Evolution Evidences, Darwin's theory and its modern concept.

Unit 2: Diversity of Life                                              Marks 15
2.1 Various kinds of organisms, necessity of classification, History and kinds of classification:-Natural, Artificial, and Phylogenetic systems, Biosystematics, Binomial nomenclature, Two and Five kingdom of classification, Their merits and demerits. Structure of Virus, and Bacteria (Monera), its place and significance in living world. General characterstics
of Protista, and Fungi, Study of Botanical gardens, Herbaria and Bilogical museum.

2.2 Morphology and life cycle of Spirogyra, Mucor, Funaria, Selaginella, and Pinus (Elementary knowledge)

2.3 Study of various plant groups - Classification of Angiosperm up to class level with examples. (Bantham and Hooker's system of classification)

2.4 Animal kingdom - General cheracterstics of Animal, Non chordates upto phylum level and Chordates upto class level.

Unit 3: Cell and Cell division                      Marks 15
3.1 Cell as a unit of life: Discovery, Cell theory, Structure of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell. Unicellular and multi cellular Organism. Ultra structure of cell (plant and animal). Konowledge of tools and techniques to study organisms (Compound microscope, Electron microscope) Compartmentalization, cell wall, cell membrane, UNIT MEMBRANE Unit membrance concept (Fluid mosaic model), Membrane transport, Biological function of membrane, Cellular movement. (Exocytosis and Endocytosis)
Cell Organelles- Structure and functions : Nucleus, Mitochondria, Plastids, Endoplasmicreticulum, Golgibody, Ribosomes, Lysosome, Microtubules, Centriole, Vacuole, Cytoskeleton, Cilia, Flagella and other cell Inclusions.

3.2 Celluar molecule- Inorganic and organic molecules as a biomoleade Water, Salt, Mineral. Carbohyedrate, Lipids, Aminoacid, Protein, Nucleic acid, Nucliotides, (DNA & RNA). Enzyme- Properties, chemical nature and mechanism, Factors affecting the mechanism. Significance of Vitamins, Hormones & Steroids as Bio-molecules.

3.3 Cell Division:- Definition, types, various stages and significance of Amoitosis, Mitosis and Meiosis. Karyotype analysis.

Units 4: Genetics                        Marks 15
4.1 Continuity of life:- Herediey & Variations, Mendel's laws of Inheritance- chorosomal basis of inheitance, other patterns of Inheritance. Incomplete dominance, Multiple dominance Quantitative inheritance.

4.2 Choromosomes:
Structure and function of Bacterial Chromosome. Eukaryotic chromosome- Sturucture and function. Prallelism between gene and chromosome. Genome, Linkage, Crossing over, Gene mapping, Recombination, Sex chromosome, Somatic chromosome, Sex determination, Sex linkage. Mutation and chromosomal aberration.

4.3 Human genetics:- Methods of study, DNA as a genetic material- Its structure and DNA replication, duplication structure of RNA and its role in protein systhesis. Gene expression, Transcription and Translation in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell.
Gene regulation- Expression and repression, House keeping gene, Nuclear basis of differentiation and development, Genetic disorder and Genetic engineering, Cancer gene (oncogene), Cloning, Gene bank, DNA finger printing, Genomics, Principles and application Transgenic microorganisim, plants and animals.

UNIT 5: MULTICELLULARITY- PLANT AND ANIMAL LIFE:-                Marks 20
5.1 Plant morphology :- Root, Stem and Leaf-structure, function and modifications. Flower and Inflorescences- Structure, function and Types.
Fruit and Seed : Types & Dispersal, Seed germination - Types & Necessary conditions.
Description of the following familes- Graminae, Liliaceae, Fabecaceae, Crucifereae, Solanaceae, Leguminoceae & compositeae. Description of a following plant in botanical terminology with symbolic knowledge of floral formula and floral diagram.
Plant Tissues: Structure, Kinds, Location and functions of various types of tissues. Internal structure (Anatomy) of Moncot and Dicot Root, Stem and Leaf, including secondary growth in Root and Stem.

5.2 Morphology of Animals : External morphology of Earthworm, Cockroach and Rat.
Animals Tissues- Structure, Location, Kinds and functions of various types of Animal tissues.

SCHEME FOR PRACTICAL EXAMINATION
BIOLOGY
Class- XI
Time: 3 Hours                                                                         M.M: 25

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S.No.           Experiment.                                Marks

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1 Core Experiment.                                           17
2 Investigatory Exp.                                          02
3 Record.                                                          02
4 Sessional.                                                       02
5 Viva Voce.                                                      02
                                                    Total:            25

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CORE EXPERIMENT:
Unit 1:
1. Study and uses of various parts of compound microscope with diagrams
2. Difference between living and non living on the basis of various characteristics.
3. Biological study of Various types of Surroundings.

Unit 2 :
4. Study of the following plant Specimes / Models/ Slides with their identification points:-
Bacteria, Oscillatoria, Spirogyra, Mucor, Mushroom, Yeast, Liverwort, Moss, Selaginella, Pinus, Lichenes and Any one plant of Monocot & dicot.
5. Study of the following Animals Specimen/Models/Slides with their identification points:-
Amoeba, Hydra, Sponge, Liver fluke, Asearis, Leech, Earthworm, Prawn, Silk moth, Honey bee, Snail, Star fish, Dog fish, Rohu, Frog, Wall- Lizard, Pegeon or any other Bird, Rat or any other Mammel.

Unit 3 :
6. Study the slide of root tip showinng various stages of Mitosis.
7. Study the slides of Anther (flower bud) showing various stage of Meiosis.
8. Study of the cell movement : Preperation of slide of Hydrilla leaf and Paramecium.
9. Prepare a temporary slide of onion membrame and study the plant cell.
10. Prepare the slide of Epithelial cells from human cheek and study the animal cell.
11. Study of cell wall components-Cellulose, Lignin, Subarin and Mucilage

Unit 4:
12. Study of the Mendalian Traits by Seeds/Plants.
13. Prepare a pedigree chart of human blood group.

Unit 5:
14. Study of the various types of Root modifications.
15. Study of the various types of Stem modifications.
16. Study of the various types of Leaf modifications.
17. Identification and description of various types of Inflorescene.
18. Description of flower in Botanical terminology with floral diagram, floral formula and
           Identification points of the following families-
                  ¨ Pea (Liguminoseae) , Sun Flower (Compositeae)
                  ¨ Mustard (Brassicaceae).
                  ¨ Shoe flower ( Fabicaceae).
                  ¨ Any Other flower of the same families can be taken for study.
19. Study of the temporary /permanent slides of the following Animal tissues- Squamous Epithelium, Muscular tissue, Nervous tissue study of blood from Temporary or Permanent slide.
20. Study of the Morphology of the museum specimen or chart of the follwing animals-
                ¨ Earthworm, Cockroach, Frog and Rat.
        List of Projects
           1. Study of one experiment showing scientific method.
           2. Study any two of the diseases caused by pollution on plants and Human beings.
           3. Medicinal and Economic importance of Plants.
           4. Study of the harmful and useful Arthropods.
           5. Collection of various types of Roots, Stem, Leaf, Flower, and Inflorescence,
(collect ten specimen under each head and write their characterstics on prepared herbarium sheets.)
Note:- Project No. 5 is compulsory and any one of the project from rest of four.

BIOTECHNOLOGY

CLASS-XI
THEORY

UNIT-I                                                 10
INTRODUCTION TO BIOTECHNOLOGY:-
Fundamentals of biochemical engineering Biotechnology and society.

UNIT-II                                               20
BIOMOLECULES:-
Building blocks of Biomolecules and dynamic structure and functions of macromolecules, Biochemical Techniques.

UNIT-III                                              20
CELL AND DEVELOPMENT:-
The basic unit of life.
Cell growth and development Cellular Techniques.

UNIT-IV                                              25
GENITECS AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY:-
Principles of genetics
Geneme functions
Genetical Techniques.

PRACTICALS

Note:- Every student is required to do the following Experiments during the academic session.

List of Experiments:-
1. Preparation of buffers and PH determination.
2. Sterlization techniques (wet and dry sterlization, chemical sterlization and ultra filtration.)
3. Media preparation (Solid and liquid LB Medium)
4. Isolation of Bacteria from curd and staining of Bacteria.
5. Determination of Bacterial growth curve.
6. Study of various stages of mitosis and calculation of mitotic index.
7. Preparation of Karyotype.
8. Cell Viability assay (using Evans blue stain)
9. Cell counting (using Haemocytometer).
10.Determination of blood groups.
11.Isolation of genomic DNA.
12.Detection of DNA by Gel Electrophoresis.
13.Estimation of DNA.
14.Isolation of milk protein. (casein)
15.Estimation of protein by Biuret method.
16.Assessing the enzyme acid phosphate.

Plant Cell Culture and Applications                            10
        - Introduction
        - Cell and Tissue Cultur Techniques.
        - Application of Cell and Tissue Culture.
        - Gene Transfer Methods in Plants.
        - Transgenic Plant with Beneficial-Traits.
        - Diagnostics in Agriculture and Molecular Breeding.
        - Biothics in Plant Genetic Engineering.

Animal Cell Culture and Applications.                         10
       - Introduction
       - Animal Cell-Culture T e chniques.
       - Characterisation of Cell Lines.
       - Scale up of Animal Culture Process.
       - Applications of Animal Cell Culture.
       - Stem Cell T e chnology.
       - Bioethics of Genetic Engineering in Animals.