PSYCHOLOGY
Class – XII (Syllabus)
I. Motivation: Instincts, Needs – types of needs – Physiologi-cal; social and Psychological needs; Maslow’s theory of Hi-erarchy of needs, Role of intrinsic and extrinsic motivation in learning.
II. Human Abilities: Intelligence – Origin of Intelligence tests, concept of I.Q., Extremes of Intelligence distribution: – Gifted and challenged; Emotional Intelligence; Aptitudes; Creative thinking.
III. Social behavior: Inter personal attraction – proximity, physi-cal appearance, similarity, complimentality. Impression for-mation and management. Pro- social behaviour – Empathy, altruism
IV. Groups and Leaderships: Classification of Groups, Group Dynamics – Social facilitation, loafing and inhibition. Characteristics of a leader. Emergence of a leader;
V. Communication Skills: Communication process; verbal and non-verbal communication skills – Interpersonal com-munication – Transactional Analysis approach.
VI. Personality: Meaning and definition of personality; Healthy personality Development; self perception, self confidence, goal setting, decision –making. Ego-defence mechanisms, Personality assessment: Self report measures and projec-tive techniques.
VII. Issues in contemporary society : Competition, test anxi-ety, conflicts and frustrations, aggression, depression, sui-cidal tendencies. Drug addiction.
VIII. Health Psychology : Psychology of well-being; Stress man-agement: Relaxation, Meditation, Yoga, Thought stopping, Rational emotive therapy.
CIVICS
Class – XII (Syllabus)
PAPER - II: INDIAN CONSTITUTION & ADMINISTRATION
I. INDIAN CONSTITUTION : A BRIEF HISTORICALBACKGROUND: 15 Periods
a) Indian National Movement
b) Acts of India 1909,1919 & 1935.
c) Quit India Movement.
d) India’s Independence Act 1947.
e) Constituent Assembly of India.
II. BASIC FEATURES OF THE INDIAN CONSTITUTION : 15 Periods
a) Preamble.
b) Written and Lengthy constitution.
c) Compromise between Rigidity and Flexibility.
d) Federal Govt. with unitary features
e) Parliamentary Government.
f) Fundamental Rights.
g) Fundamental Duties.
h) Directive Principles of the State Policy.
i) Independent Judiciary
j) Universal and Adult Franchise
k) Single Citizenship.
III. RIGHTS AND DUTIES OF THE CITIZEN: 06 Periods
1. a) Significance of Fundamental Rights.
b) Fundamental Rights guaranteed by the IndianConstitution:
i) Right to Equality
ii) Right to Freedom
iii) Right Against Exploitation
iv) Right to Freedom of Religion
v) Cultural and Educational Rights
vi) Right to constitutional Remedies.
c) Restrictions on Fundamental Rights.
2. Fundamental Duties : Importance of the Fundamental Duties.
IV. DIRECTIVE PRINCIPLES OF STATE POLICY: 06 Periods
a) Characteristics
b) Classification
c) Difference between Fundamental Rights and the Directive Principles of the State Policy.
d) Relevance.
V. UNION EXECUTIVE: 10 Periods
1. The President
A. i) Qualification
ii) Election
iii) Term of Office
iv) Emoluments and Allowances
v) Impeachment
B. Powers and Functions:
General Powers:
a) Executive Powers
b) Legislative Powers
c) Financial Powers
d) Judicial Powers.
Emergency Powers:
a) National Emergency
b) Constitutional Emergency
c) Financial Emergency.
C. The President and the Prime Minister
D. Role and Position of the President.
2. Vice-President:
a) Eligibility, Election, Term of Office & Removal.
b) Powers and Functions.
3. Council of Ministers.
a) Composition of the Council of Ministers.
b) Role of the Cabinet
c) Role of the P.M
d) Collective Responsibility
VI. THE PARLIAMENT: 10 Periods
Two Houses of the Parliament:
a) Lok Sabha
b) Rajya Sabha
A. Lok Sabha
1. i) Composition
ii) Election of Members
iii) Qualifications
iv) Term & Dissolution
v) Session and Quorum.
2. Presiding Officers (Speaker and the Deputy Speaker) Powers and Functions of the Presiding Officers
3. Important Committees of the Parliament.
i) Estimates Committees and
ii) Public Accounts Committee
B. Rajya Sabha
1. i) Composition
ii) Election of Members
iii) Qualifications
iv) Tenure
v) Session and Quorum.
2. Presiding Officers. (Chairman and Deputy Chairman) Powers and Functions of the presiding Officers.
C. Powers and Functions of the Parliament.
a) Legislative Powers.
b) Powers to control over the Executive
i) Motion of No-confidence
ii) Powers to question (Question Hour, Zero Hour)
iii) Adjournment motions.
iv) Cut Motions
v) Point of Order etc.,
vi) Financial Powers
vii) Judicial Powers.
viii) Powers to Amend the Constitution.
ix) Elective Powers.
x) Privileges enjoyed by the Members of Parliament (both Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha).
D. Law-making procedure in the Parliament.
i) Procedure for passing the Ordinary Bills
ii) Procedure for passing the Budget
iii) Distinction between the procedure for passing Money Bills and the Ordinary Bills.
VII.JUDICIARY:SUPREME COURT: 08 Periods
1. i) Composition
ii) Appointment of Judges
iii) Qualifications
iv) Pay Allowances
v) Tenure
vi) Removal
2. Powers and functions of the Supreme Court.
i) Original jurisdiction .
ii) Appellate jurisdiction:
a) Criminal Appeals b) Civil Appeals c) Constitutional Appeals and d)Special leave to Appeal.
iii) Power of judicial Review
iv) Power to review its own judgement
v) Court of Record
vi) Advisory Functions
VII. STATE GOVERNMENT : 10 Periods
A. Governor
1. i) Appointment ii) Tenure iii)Qualifications iv) Pay and Allowances
2. Powers and Functions
i) Executive Powers ii)Legislative Powers iii) Financial Powers
iv) Judicial Powers and v) Discretionary Powers.
3. Position of the Governor.
B. Chief Minister and Council of Ministers
1. State Legislature.
a) Legislative Assembly
b) Legislative Council Structure, Powers and Functions.
C. Judiciary:
1. High Court:
i) Composition ii) Appointment of Judges iii) Qualifications iv) Pay and Allowances
v) Tenure vi) Removal.
2. Powers and Functions of the High Court:
i) Original Jurisdiction ii) Appellate jurisdiction (both Civil & Criminal)
iii) Judicial Review iv) Court of Record v) Control over sub-ordinate count vi)Advisory Functions.
IX. UNION TERRITORIES: 04 Periods
1. Difference between a State and a Union Territory
2. Administration of Union Territories
3. Union Territories having Legislative Assemblies and Metropolitan Councils.
X. UNION-STATE RELATIONS : 08 Periods
1. Legislative, Administrative and Financial Relations.
2. 1) Division of powers between the union and States
a) Union List b) State List and c) Concurrent List.
3. Working of the Indian Federation.
a) Role of the Governor with special reference to Art.356
b) Role of the Finance Commission
c) Recommendations of the Sarkaria Commission.
XI. LOCAL GOVERNMENTS : 12 Periods
A. Rural Government
a) Zilla Parishad b)Mandal Parishad and c) Gram Panchayat.
B. Urban Government
a) Municipal Corporations b) Municipalities and c) Cantonment Boards.
C. a) Structure, Powers and Functions, Financial Resources of the Local Bodies.
b) Control Exercised by State and Union Governments on Local Bodies.
D. District Administration
a) Role and Importance of the District Collector
b) Powers and Functions, Co-ordination with other District Officers.
c) Judiciary at District level.
XII. POLITICAL PARTIES : 10 Periods
A. Party System in India:
i) All India Parties ii) Regional Parties.
B. Interest Groups
C. Public Opinion.
XIII. ELECTORAL SYSTEM IN INDIA : 06 Periods
Election Commission – Functions and the Role – Reforms suggested.
XIV. PUBLIC SERVICES : 06 Periods
1. Structure of Public Services
2. Composition & Functions of Public Service Commissions.
XV. NATIONAL COMMISSION ON REVIEW OF CONSTITUTION : 06 Periods
1. Composition & Objectives
2. Recommendations.
XVI. INDIAN FOREIGN POLICY : 04 Periods
1. Determining factors of Foreign Policy
2. Basic features of Indian Foreign Policy
XVII. UNITED NATIONS : 04 Periods
a) Origin b) Functions c) Achievements and d) Failures.
Revision: 20 Periods
Total : 160 Periods