HISTORY
Class - XII
(WITH EFFECT FROM 2004-2005)
1526 TO 1964 A.D.
I. MUGHAL EMPIRE : 40 Periods
Condition of India in1526 A.D. Babur’s Invasion – Results. Shershah’s Administrative Reforms – Akbar – Conquests – Administration. Rajput policy – Religious policy. Jahanghir – Nurjahan – Shahjahan – Golden Age – Aurangazeb – Reli-gious policy – Deccan policy – Fall of Mughal Empire, Mughal culture.
II. RISE OF MARATHAS: 20 Periods
Factors responsible for the rise of Marathas – Shivaji and his achievements – III Battle of Panipat – Fall of Marathas.
III. ADVENT OF EUROPEANS ESTABLISHMENT OF BRITISH POWER IN INDIA 25 Periods
Anglo – French Rivalry in South – English in Bengal – Robert clive Battle of Plassey and Buxar – Company rule – Dual Gov-ernment in Bengal – Warren Hastings – Cornwallis – Wellesley – William Bentinck – Dalhousie – India under Goan Canning to Curzan.
IV. RISE OF SIKH POWER IN PUNJAB : 10 Periods
Sikh Gurus – Ranjit Singh and his achievements.
V. 1857 REVOLT : 10 Periods
The Revolt of 1857 – Nature of the revolt – Causes – Course – Causes for the failure – Effects of the Revolt.
VI. SOCIO RELIGIOUS REFORMS OF 19 TH CENTURY: 25 Periods
Social and Cultural awakening – Raja Rammohan Roy – Brahma Samaj – Dayananda Saraswati Arya Samaj – Ramakrishna – Swami Vivekananda – Ramakrishna Mission – The Theosophical Society – Social reforms – Emancipation of women – Struggle against caste.
VII. INDIAN STRUGGLE FOR FREEDOM 1885 TO 1919: 20 Periods
Causes for the Rise of Nationalism – Formation of Indian National Congress – Moderate movement upto 1905 – Mili-tant Nationalism – Vandemataram movement – 1909 Reforms – Home Rule Movement – 1919 Reforms.
VIII. GANDHIAN ERA 1919 TO 1947: 20 Periods
Mahatma Gandhi assumes Leadership – Non-Violence and Satyagraha - Rowlatt Act – Jallianwala Massacre – Khilafat Movement – Non-cooperation Movement – Swaraj party-Simon commission – Civil Disobediance Movement-Gandhi-Irwin pact-Round Table Conference – 1935 Act-Growth of Communalism – Muslim League – Quit India Movement – Azad Hind Fouj- II World War and its Impact on the movement – Muslim League is demand for Pakistan – Cripps Mission – Cabinet Mission – Lord Mount Batton Plan - Partition of India.
IX. INDEPENDENT INDIA 1947-64: 20 Periods
Refugee problem – Integration of Princely States – Indian Con-stitution – 5 year plans – Nehru and non-alignment.
X. HISTORY OF ANDHRA: 25 Periods
Fall of Deccan Sultans – Rule of Qutubshahis – Advent of Europeans – Acquisition of Northern Circars and Ceded Dis-tricts – Company Rule – Revenue Reforms – Sir Thomas Munroe – Telangana under Nizam – Reforms of Salarjung. Influence of Industrial Revolution on Andhra Culture Renais-sance in Andhra and Telangana – Veeresalingam, Gurajada
Appa Rao – Vignanachandrica Mandali – Kommaraju Lakshmana Rao – Political awakening in Andhra and Telangana – Freedom Movement in Andhra and Telangana – Formation of Andhra and Andhra Pradesh.
MAPS
RECOMMENDED MAPS: 10 Periods
1. Shershah’s Empire
2. Akbar’s Empire
3. Shivaji’s Empire
ECONOMICS
Class - XII
PAPER-II-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF INDIA
UNIT-I: DEVELOPMENT-CONCEPT AND FEATURES 17 Periods
Meaning of development and growth – Main features of de-veloped and developing economies – Determinants of eco-nomic development – India as a developing economy. Ref: Meir : Issues in Development, Oxford.
UNIT-II: MARKET ECONOMY AND DEVELOPMENT 25 Periods
Concept and basic features of Market Economy – Inter-de-pendence of State and the Markets – Liberalization, Global-ization and Privatization, the Pre-requisits for Promoting Glo-bal Market – Global Market, Trade and Development – Origin of international Trading arrangements and basic features of GATT negotiations – Establishment of WTO and its salient features – WTO and the Indian Economy.
UNIT-III: GROWTH OF POPULATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF HUMAN RESOURCES 16 Periods
Growth of population and occupational distribution of popula-tion – Birth and death rates – Population policy Amartya Sen’s concept of capability as related to human resources development – Role of Education and Health – Magnitude of Univer-sal education, Female education and health care systems. Ref: Dutt & K.P.M.Sundaram – Indian Economy 1998 Amartya Sen – Economic Development of India 1996.
UNIT-IV: NATIONAL INCOME, INEQUALITIES IN THE DISTRIBUTION OF INCOME – UNEMPLOYMENT AND POVERTY IN INDIA 30 Periods
Trends in the growth of National Income and percapita In-come since Independence – Changes in the sectoral contribution of National Income – Shares of Public and Private sectors in National Income – Inequalities in the distribution of Income and Wealth – Fac-tors influencing Inequalities in the distribution of Income – Measures to control inequalities – Meaning, Causes and es-timates of Unemployment – Concept of Poverty – Poverty line – Rural and Urban Pov erty – Causes of Poverty – Anti poverty measures.
UNIT-V: AGRICULTURE 35 Periods
The place of agriculture in Indian economy-Causes for low Agricultural productivity-Measures to increase productivity- Causes for and conse-quences of small Agricultural holdings – Consolidation of holdings – The need for land reforms – Salient features of land reforms – Cooperative farming-Existing pattern of land utilisation- Estimates of irrigated area-Green revolution- Changes in cropping pat-tern – Nature and sources of Agricultural credit – Causes for rural indebtedness – Remedial measures – Re organization of rural credit and role of NABARD Agricultural Marketing , Defects in Agricultural Marketing in India. –Remedial Mea-sures
– The present position of agricultural labour in India.
1. Mishra & Puri-Indian Economy
2. C.B.Mamoria-Indian Agriculture.
UNIT-VI: INDUSTRY 25 Periods
The role of industrialisation – Pattern of industrialisation af-ter liberalisation- A brief outline of the growth of large scale industries – Cottage and small scale industries – Their im-portance, problems and remedial measures – Industrial es-tates – Short term and long term institutions of industrial finance – Industrial policy resolutions of 1948,1956 and 1991- The present position of Industrial Labour.
1. R.Dutt & K.P.M.Sundaram – Indian Economy
2. Battwal: Industrial Economy.
UNIT-VII: TERTIARY SECTOR 13 Periods
Importance of Tertiary sector in economic development in-creasing role of transport, banking and insurance-Infrastructural development.
1. R.Dutt & K.P.M.Sundaram – Indian Economy
2. World Development Report on Infrastructure
UNIT-VIII: PLANNING IN INDIA 13 Periods
A brief review of the achievements of various Five Year Plans – Objectives of 9 th Five Year Plan – Causes and consequences of Regional inbalance – Measures to achieve balanced re-gional development.
1. R.Dutt & K.P.M.Sundaram – Indian Economy.
UNIT-IX: ENVIRONMENT AND DEVELOPMENT 16 Periods
Concepts of Environment, Ecology, Eco-system, Stability of Eco-system and Pollution – Sources of Pollution: Air, Water, Soil and Sound – Resource exhaustation and Pollution, the basic causes of Environmental degradation – Effects of Envi -ronmental Degradation and the need for preserving the envi -ronment – Environment and Economic growth – Concept of sustainable development.
INSTRUCTION - 190 PERIODS
REVISION - 30 PERIODS
Total - 220 PERIODS
COMMERCE
Class - XII
(With Effect from 2004-2005)
PART- A
01. INSURANCE: 10 Periods
Concept of insurance – need and significance – types of insurance (Life, Fire, Marine insurance) – Policies and procedures…
02. MARKETING SYSTEM : 20 Periods
Meaning and significance of Marketing, Marketing Vs Selling – Functions of Marketing channels of distribution – Role of Whole-salers and retailers – Tele Marketing, E-Commerce – Trans-port and Warehousing (Road, Rail, Air Water) – Types of trans-port, merits and demerits – Need and significance of ware-housing – Types of warehousing
03. ADVERTISING : 8 Periods
Concept of advertising – Need and significance advertising media and their advantages and disadvantages – positive and negative effects of advertising
04. CONSUMERISM : 8 Periods
Concept of Consumerism and consumer movement in India – Consumer Protection Act – Machinery for settlement of con-sumer disputes at different levels (Mandal, Town, District, State and National) – Powers and Functions of Consumer Forums
05. FOREIGN TRADE : 10 Periods
Basics of Foreign Trade – Distinction between Foreign and Home Trade – Export and Import trade procedures and for-malities– Customs duties and Excise duties
06. STOCK EXCHANGE : 12 Periods
Meaning and significance of Stock Exchange – Functions of Stock Exchange – Listing of Securities – Meaning and signifi-cance of speculation – Stock Exchange operators (Bulls, Bears, Stags, Jobbers and Brokers)
07. PERSONALITY DEVELOPMENT & DEVELOPMENT OF SKILLS : 10 Periods
Personality – Personality Development – Mind and Mental De-velopment – Development skills – Communication skills – Prob-lem solving and decision making skills – Time management skills – Leadership skills – Fostering right attitudes towards self, life, work and others
08. COMPUTER AWARENESS : 6 Periods
Introduction to Computers – Need, Evolution, Role – The Ma-chine characteristics – Advantage of using Computers – Com-puter application areas with special reference to Trade and Com-merce
PART- B
ACCOUNTANCY
01. BILLS OF EXCHANGE : 12 Periods
Definition of the Bills of Exchange, Promissory Notes, Cheques and their advantages – Problem on Trade Bills
02. DEPRECIATION : 10 Periods
Meaning and significance of Depreciation – Causes of depreciation – Principal methods of depreciation – Simple problems on depreciation (straight line and diminishing balancing methods only)
03. AVERAGE DUE DATE AND ACCOUNT CURRENT: 12 Periods
Meaning of Average Due Date – Advantages - Calculation of Average Due Date – Meaning of and need for Account Cur-rent, Problems on Account Current
04. CONSIGNMENT: 17 Periods
Meaning and significance – Terminology used in Consignment Accounting – (Consignor, Consignee, Account sales, Proforma Invoice, commission and Delcredere Commission) – Problems on Consignment Accounts
05. RECTIFICATION OF ERRORS : 12 Periods
Errors disclosed and not disclosed by Trial Balance – Suspense Account
06. ACCOUNTS OF NON-TRADING CONCERNS : 17 Periods
Distinction between Capital and Revenue expenditure – Simple problems on Receipts and Payments Accounts – Income and Expenditure Account and Balance Sheet
07. PARTNERSHIP ACCOUNTS : 26 Periods
Problems on methods of Treatment of goodwill on Admission, Retirement – Problems on Admission and Retirement